Your preparation and presentation in small claims court can make the difference between winning and losing. While small claims is informal compared to regular court, judges still make decisions based on evidence and credibility. Understanding what evidence to bring and how to present your case effectively increases your chances of success.

Good preparation compensates for the unfamiliar environment and helps you make your points clearly.

Types of Evidence

Documentary evidence includes contracts, receipts, invoices, photographs, emails, text messages, letters, and any other written or recorded materials supporting your claim. Bring originals plus copies for the judge and defendant.

Physical evidence means tangible items—the damaged product, the defective part. If items are too large, photographs work. Make sure photos clearly show the damage or defect.

Testimony includes your own statements and witness testimony. Your credibility matters—be honest, direct, and organized when speaking.

Organizing Your Evidence

Create an organized package. Arrange documents chronologically or by topic so you can find what you need quickly. Tab or label sections. The judge won't wait while you search through a disorganized pile.

Prepare at least three copies: one for yourself, one for the judge, and one for the defendant. Having copies ready shows preparation and professionalism.

Create a brief summary or timeline of events. This helps you stay on track during presentation and gives the judge a clear framework for understanding your case.

Preparing Witnesses

Witnesses who observed relevant events strengthen your case. Before court, review what they'll testify about—but don't coach them to say things that aren't true.

Confirm witnesses can attend. If necessary, subpoena them—court orders requiring their appearance. Request subpoenas from the clerk's office well before your court date.

Prepare simple questions to ask your witnesses. Focus on what they personally saw or heard, not opinions or speculation.

What to Expect in Court

Arrive early and dress appropriately—business casual or neat clothing shows respect for the court. Find your courtroom and check in with the clerk if required.

The judge will call cases one by one. When your case is called, approach and wait for instructions. The judge will typically let the plaintiff (the person who filed) speak first.

Be respectful to everyone—the judge, court staff, and even the defendant. Courts don't tolerate interrupting, arguing, or disrespectful behavior.

Presenting Your Case

When it's your turn, explain your case clearly and concisely. Stick to facts—what happened, when, and why you're owed money. Don't ramble or include irrelevant information.

Present evidence as you discuss relevant points. "Your Honor, I have the contract showing the defendant agreed to pay 00 by January 15." Then hand copies to the judge and defendant.

Stay calm and focused. If you get nervous, that's normal. The judge knows small claims litigants aren't lawyers.

Responding to the Defendant

The defendant will present their side. Listen carefully—don't interrupt. Take notes on points you want to address.

The judge may give you an opportunity to respond. Address the defendant's main arguments briefly and specifically. Don't just repeat your original presentation.

If the defendant says something untrue, you can say so—but stay calm and factual. "That's not accurate, Your Honor. The receipt shows I returned the item on March 3, not April 3."

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Don't be emotional or accusatory. Calling the defendant names or getting angry hurts your credibility. Let your evidence speak for itself.

Don't bring irrelevant information. The judge wants to know about this dispute, not every problem you've ever had with the defendant.

Don't exaggerate. Inflated claims destroy credibility. If your actual damages are 00, don't claim ,000 hoping for more.

After the Hearing

The judge may rule immediately or take the case "under advisement" and mail the decision later. Either way, you'll receive written notice of the judgment.

If you win, the hard work may not be over—collecting the judgment is a separate process if the defendant doesn't pay voluntarily.

Getting Legal Help

While small claims doesn't require lawyers, a brief consultation can help you identify what evidence you need and how to present it effectively. Court self-help centers often provide guidance on small claims presentation. Some even offer practice sessions or clinics.