Second impact syndrome occurs when an athlete suffers a second concussion before fully recovering from a first one. This rare but catastrophic condition can cause massive brain swelling, permanent disability, or death within minutes. Claims often involve coaches, trainers, or medical professionals who cleared athletes to return to play too soon.

What Is Second Impact Syndrome?

Second impact syndrome (SIS) involves:

  • An initial concussion with incomplete recovery
  • A second head impact (often seemingly minor)
  • Rapid, catastrophic brain swelling
  • Loss of consciousness within minutes
  • High mortality rate (approximately 50%)
  • Survivors typically have permanent severe disability

Who Is at Risk

SIS primarily affects:

  • Young athletes (adolescents especially vulnerable)
  • Contact sport participants
  • Those with recent unresolved concussion symptoms

Legal Claims

Negligent Return-to-Play Decisions

Claims target those who allowed athletes to compete while still symptomatic:

  • Coaches – Pressuring athletes to play or ignoring symptoms
  • Athletic trainers – Inadequate concussion evaluation
  • Team physicians – Premature clearance for play
  • Schools and leagues – Failure to implement concussion protocols

Return-to-Play Protocols

Most states now have concussion laws requiring:

  • Removal from play when concussion is suspected
  • Medical clearance before returning
  • Graduated return-to-play progression

Failure to follow these protocols is strong evidence of negligence.

Damages

SIS cases involve catastrophic damages:

  • Death claims and wrongful death damages
  • Lifetime care costs for severely disabled survivors
  • Complete loss of earning capacity
  • Profound pain and suffering

Conclusion

Second impact syndrome is preventable when proper concussion protocols are followed. When adults responsible for young athletes' safety ignore concussion symptoms and allow premature return to play, they should be held accountable for catastrophic consequences.